Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a method in which the heat required to fuse the metal is generated by an arc formed by an electric current passing between the electrode and the work piece. A layer of granulated mineral material known as submerged arc welding flux covers the tip of the welding wire, the arc, and the work piece. There is no visible arc and no sparks, spatter or fume. The electrode may be a solid or cored wire or a strip.

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is one in which the functions and motions of a machine tool are controlled by means of a prepared program containing coded alphanumeric data. CNC can control the motions of the work piece or tool, the input parameters such as feed, depth of cut, speed, and the functions such as turning spindle on/off, turning coolant on/of.